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Congress shall have no power to pass any retroactive Bill unless approved by a two-thirds vote of both Houses except Congress shall never impose taxes retroactively.
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The notion that a law could somehow apply retroactively has been universally condemned and is currently covered by Article I, § 10 of the Constitution (“No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.”). States are prohibited from passing an “ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of Contracts …”. James Madison argued that retroactive legislation offered special opportunities for the powerful to obtain special and improper benefits. However, the Supreme Court has interpreted these constitutional provisions to apply only to penal litigation.
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The notion that a law could somehow apply retroactively has been universally condemned and is currently covered by Article I, § 10 of the Constitution (“No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.”). States are prohibited from passing an “ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of Contracts …”. James Madison argued that retroactive legislation offered special opportunities for the powerful to obtain special and improper benefits. However, the Supreme Court has interpreted these constitutional provisions to apply only to penal litigation.
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Congress shall pass no retroactive Bills, civil or criminal, without a two-thirds vote and without an express statement that retroactivity is in the public interest, does not take or impair vested rights, and does not create new obligations or impose new duties prior to the effective date of the Bill, except Congress shall never impose any tax retroactively.
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Congress shall pass no retroactive Bills, civil or criminal, without a two-thirds vote and without an express statement that retroactivity is in the public interest, does not take or impair vested rights, and does not create new obligations or impose new duties prior to the effective date of the Bill, except Congress shall never impose any tax retroactively.
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